In 2012 enterprises with 30 or more employees in the service industry indicated a manpower shortage of 72,000 (manpower shortage ratio of 2.4%), among which 15,000 (or 21.3% of manpower shortage) could not be filled due to lack of skills.
Among employees, the proportion of those who failed to meet the skill levels required by employers reached 8.8%.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are experiencing the more severe skills shortage than large ones.
The proportion of employees lacking skills was higher in enterprises that had difficulties in attracting a sufficient number of qualified applicants or went through skills shortage at the recruitment stage.