The purpose of this study is to test the structural relationship among parental autonomy support, autonomous-control motivation of self-determination, engagement in learning, and deep-surface cognitive strategy. The subjects of this study were 1,507 high school students being sampled from the Korean Education Employment Panel(KEEP). The statistical method used for data analysis was path analysis by AMOS 18.0 program. The findings of this study were as follows: First, a goodness of fit of the research model was evaluated as being very appropriate. Second, parental autonomy support had a positive effect on autonomous motivation of self-determination and engagement in learning, but had a negative effect on control motivation of self-determination. Third, autonomous/control motivation of self-determination had a positive effect on engagement in learning. Fourth, engagement in learning had a positive effect on deep and surface cognitive strategy. Fifth, autonomous motivation of self-determination had a positive effect on deep and surface cognitive strategy, but control motivation of self-determination had a negative effect on deep cognitive strategy except surface cognitive strategy. Sixth, parental autonomy support did indirectly affect deep and surface cognitive strategy through autonomous-control motivation of self-determination, engagement in learning significantly.