This study is conducted under the critical awareness that systematic nurturing of physician scientists is the key to the bio-industry to boost the nation’s future competitiveness. As such, we examined the current status and overseas cases of training physician scientists in Korea and five leading foreign countries, including the U.S., U.K., Japan, Switzerland, and Singapore, then suggested a systematic nurturing system for domestic physician scientists. In Korea, the introduction of medical graduate schools led to a physician scientist training system within the curriculum. However, due to the low admission rate and the decline of the medical graduate school system, the physician scientist training system has become ineffective. In contrast, the five foreign countries have been nurturing physician scientists effectively through comprehensive national support, flexible school system management, and research support reflecting the physician's life cycle. In order to systematically train physician scientists in Korea, support for research is needed at all stages of physician education. A flexible MD-PhD program should be introduced to undergraduate programs and offer a research-oriented curriculum. By operating both research and clinical tracks at the resident and research fellow levels, physicians should be able to take the two tracks simultaneously. In addition, it is suggested that students in basic medicine areas should receive scholarship and military service benefits. For students who wish to become clinical professors or pursue medical specialties, MD-PhD programs should help them establish their own research fields and create an atmosphere in which industrial entities and professors of basic science in medical schools can collaborate with each other. It will be possible to systematically nurture domestic physician scientists when they are trained from a long-term and comprehensive perspective.