As the role of public education has reduced and the income and backgrounds of students’ parents have a greater impact on their educational performance, it has become worrisome that education serves as an obstacle to social mobility rather than disconnecting the chain of intergenerational inequality.
This study employs specific methods to calculate the level of educational equity by measuring how academic achievements of secondary school students (15 years old) are affected by the socioeconomic backgrounds of their parents, using PISA 2006 and 2018 data-sets. In order to measure the level of education equity, we coined a new term “the proportion of gaechon yong,” using two Korean words that mean rising from humble family. In this study, the proportion is defined as the degree of possibility of increasing social mobility through education.
The results of this study demonstrate that education in Korea plays a positive role in enhancing social mobility compared to education in the United States, Japan, Sweden and other OECD countries. However, the results show that between 2006 and 2018, the levels of educational equity were found to be decreased significantly across all subjects in Korea. Specially for science, the results show that the level of educational equity in Korea declined from 12.09% in 2006 to 6.14% in 2018. From these findings, we suggest that we need to pay more attention to the trend of widening educational inequity in Korea.